Inca Chasqui Relay Roadrunners Revolutionized Communication
In an era devoid of the internet and telephone, the ancient Inca—reigning from the 15th to 16th centuries—turned to the Chasqui runners to provide direct communication. Operating in the Andean heartlands, these skilled messengers relayed messages swiftly, showcasing remarkable efficiency in navigating the challenging terrain.
The term Chasqui translates to "reception” or “the one who exchanges" in Quechua. These skilled individuals were the backbone of the Inca communication system, covering extensive distances to deliver important messages between the far reaches of the empire, also known as Tahuantinsuyo, which once spanned a massive territory reaching from modern-day Colombia in the north to Chile in the south.
The Inca Empire was united by a vast road network spanning over 40,000 km (25,000 miles). Known as the Qhapac Ñan, these roads were a remarkable feat of engineering, designed to connect and sustain the expansive Inca civilization, fundamental for transporting food, mobilizing the military and providing much-needed communication.
Contemporary Spanish chroniclers vividly described Chasqui runners. According to these records, the Chasqui runners were chosen from a young age and underwent rigorous training, including running at high altitudes, the importance of secrecy and mastering the art of memory and message relay.
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The Chasqui roadrunners were used to relay official messages along the vast Inca road network. (daniiD / Adobe Stock)
Messengers of the Andes: The Remarkable Legacy of the Inca Chasquis
Charged with delivering messages to and from the Inca emperor, as well as news from distant realms, the Chasquis were capable of covering astonishing distances via a coordinated effort. Runners would run for about 2.5 kilometers (1.6 miles) until they reached the next relay station, called a chaskiwasi.
The speed and efficiency of this 24-hour service allowed Inca rulers to stay well-informed about their vast empire, enabling quick decision-making and strategic responses. It is believed that 25 runners could cover 240 kilometers (150 miles) in a day. By this calculation, they could cover the distance from Quito to Cuzco in about a week.
Historians claim that the Chasqui roadrunners delivered official messages in two ways; either verbally or by transporting quipus—a record-keeping device made of knotted strings. They carried a conch shell trumpet known as a pututu, which was sounded to alert the next runner that they were approaching. Chasquis supposedly wore white feathers on their heads so the next runner could easily see them.
The Chasqui runners stand as a testament to the ingenuity of the Inca Empire in overcoming geographical challenges. Their ability to relay messages at extraordinary speeds not only facilitated effective communication but also played a crucial role in the empire's administration and cohesion. In exploring the world of the Chasqui, we uncover a fascinating chapter in ancient Andean history, where the swift footsteps of messengers connected the sprawling reaches of the Inca Empire.
Top image: A Chasqui roadrunner playing his pututu. Source: Public domain
