How the Samurai Defended Against the Mongols (Video)
In the face of Mongol invasions during the Middle Ages, the Kamakura Bakufu and their samurai demonstrated strategic prowess in defending Japan. Often overshadowed by tales of typhoons and samurai duels, the government's meticulous preparations are integral to the narrative.
Diplomatic exchanges with the Mongols began in 1266, leading to escalating tensions. Hojo Tokimune, the energetic ruler, anticipated the threat and fortified Kyushu, a vulnerable entry point. Aware of the Mongol fleet construction in Korea, he implemented measures to bolster defenses, facing legal and financial challenges. The first Mongol invasion in 1274 saw the Kamakura Bakufu's preparations pay off. Local gokenin and reinforcements from Honshu met the Yuan forces at Hakata Bay, showcasing superior archery skills. The Japanese resistance exceeded Mongol expectations, prompting a strategic withdrawal.
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Tokimune, however, recognized the need for enhanced preparations, anticipating Kublai Khan's revenge. To address shortcomings, he increased control over samurai, replaced military governors, and sought divine intervention. The Bakufu's multifaceted approach included restricting samurai movement, fortifying Hakata Bay with an expansive sea wall, and even considering a preemptive invasion of Korea. The complexities of governance, legal constraints, and financial issues characterized Japan's defense against the Mongols, showcasing the pragmatic leadership of Hojo Tokimune.
Top image: 7th drawing from the first roll of the Illustrated Account of the Mongol invasion of Japan. Source: Public Domain
