5 Important Egyptian Archaeological Discoveries that Provided Leaps in Our Knowledge of the Past
When it comes to archaeological discoveries, very few countries can measure up to the wealth of Egypt. From the Rosetta Stone, to the Valley of the Kings, to the great ancient pyramids at Giza, Egypt holds a large trove of history which includes many important and mysterious discoveries. Rich tombs that date back to antiquity and ancient treasures, as well as an alluring assortment of magnificent temples are testament to the richness of the Egyptian dunes. Even though we are yet to see another wonder of the world, archaeologists continue to discover many important ancient artifacts and sites that precede the Middle Ages. Both old and new discoveries reveal that the country can still deliver unexpected historic gems and wonderful Giza-grade delights. With this in mind, we have decided to take an inventory of some of the most amazing findings that have come out from this great civilization. Below is a brief exposition on some of the oldest Egyptian archaeological discoveries.
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- More Evidence Supports Claim Hidden Chamber in Tutankhamun Tomb Contains Another Burial
Tutankhamum’s tomb produced a wealth of items for archaeologists. Harry Burton: Tutankhamun tomb photographs (Public Domain)
The Tomb of Tutankhamun
The tomb of Tutankhamun is arguably the “well” of ancient treasures which was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter and his small team. Up till today, the tomb still remains the most popular historic gem to have ever come out from Egypt’s ancient past.
Among the treasures found in the tomb was the mysterious death mask that belonged to the “boy king” whose rulership was clearly committed to restoring the polytheistic religion of his people.
The death mask of Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun is made of gold inlaid with colored glass and semiprecious stone (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
The huge quantity of artifacts found in the tomb of Tutankhamun gave great insights into culture, religion, design and even technology of the time.
Rosetta Stone
Discovered in 1799, the Rosetta Stone, an ancient artifact that dates back to the time of King Pharaoh Ptolemy V who began to reign at a very early age. Written on the stone is a law that confers the right of rulership on the young ruler who was thirteen at the time the decree was made.
Interestingly, the decree appears in three different languages and was written by a council of priests who were custodians of the law.
The most important fact worth mentioning is the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs occurred in the early 19 th century for which the Rosetta Stone supplied the most helpful clues. At that time, only a few Egyptians were capable of reading ancient hieroglyphic scripts and Rosetta Stone gave people an opportunity to extract missing information, thus solving many puzzles including “The riddle of the Sphinx”.
- The father of Egyptology suffered a tragic death after deciphering the Rosetta Stone
- The Philae Obelisk, Hieroglyphs and Understanding a Vanished Culture
Detail of two of the three languages on the Rosetta Stone (CC BY 2.0)
Without the Rosetta Stone, full deciphering of Egyptian hieroglyphs could have been a long way off.
Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Starting from 1896, more than half a million papyri were discovered among the remains of Oxyrhynchus within the space of eleven years by two great archaeologists, Arthur Hunt and Bernard Grenfell. Further investigations revealed that the retro writing materials could have been introduced around 1,800 years ago. It is believed that the town's dry climate is the reason why the fragments were able to survive for so long.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 29 (Public Domain)
Administrative documents transcribed and assembled from the Oxyrhynchus excavation so far include:
- various and sundry old recipes for hemorrhoids, cataracts and hangover treatment
- the contract of a wrestler that agrees to throw his next match for a certain fee
- information regarding a corn dole reflecting the same program in the Roman capital
Such titbits give a fascinating insight into the more everyday goings on in antiquity.
Meteoric Jewelry
Dated to 3200 BC, the Meteoric Jewelry were discovered in 1911 from two different tombs in a cemetery. The metal beads which are arguably the oldest iron artifacts on the planet were made by hammering and rolling the meteorite metal into tiny forms. These were mainly used on necklaces with other fine materials like gold and agate.
- Victims of End of the World Epidemic Unearthed in Egypt
- The Oxyrhynchus Papyri: The Largest Cache of Early Christian Manuscripts Discovered to Date
Plague Of Cyprian
This horrific discovery was made at the same time the great city of Luxor was being excavated. This occurred between 1997 and 2012 at a funerary site in ancient Thebes, where a group of archaeologists were working. 'The Plague of Cyprian’ was the name given to a pandemic, probably of smallpox, that afflicted the Roman Empire from AD 250 onwards during the larger Crisis of the Third Century.
Entrance to the Luxor Temple in Egypt (CC BY-SA 4.0)
According to pottery, the complex came about when the whole Roman Empire was infected by a mysterious plague which took the life of many around the third century AD. From 250 to 266, 5000 people were said to have died in Rome. As Pontius of Carthage, Cyprian’s biographer said, this dreadful plague brought an excessive destruction from a hateful disease and invaded each and every house.
This discovery was the basis for further studies of hemorrhagic fever like Ebola and contributed the world’s medical field.
All of the mentioned discoveries made an impact on the world and its development from the ancient times to what we know it now. Each of the revelations greatly contributed and advanced the world of education and science. Every single day humanity establishes ways to progress and thrive and in a way – we are making a history right now!
Top image: Tutankhamum’s Golden Coffin (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
By Kaya Johnson
References:
Billock, Jennifer, ‘See the Most Northerly Active Sand Dunes in the World’
Available at: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/see-most-northerly-sand-dunes-world-180964704/#daKqi7YwH4rJHKsp.99
David Crossland, ‘Howard Carter 'stole from tomb of Tutankhamen'
Available at: https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/howard-carter-stole-from-tomb-of-tutankhamen-1.532457
Ptolemy V Epiphanes, Encyclopeadia Britannica.
Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-V-Epiphanes
Grenfell, Bernard P. (Bernard Pyne), 1869-1926; Hunt, Arthur S. (Arthur Surridge), 1871-1934, Full text of "The Oxyrhynchus papyri"
Comments
legal
Not black, dna does not support it.
All over the walls of ancient Egypt there are paintings depicting the ancient Egyptians and they are black not white, not Arab but black. The bibles says that one of the sons of Ham founded Egypt and well we all know what's said about ham. I'm always wondering why do the ancient Egyptians get played by whites and arabs only. Even with this video game that I just purchased you very rarely see blacks in it. Hollywood is good at casting whites and arabs to play the major roles and blacks to play servants and slaves. Truth be told, it's just straight up racism at play here and it's not cool at all to do this!! People need to know the truth especially the black people so they can know that they do have a history and it's not just slavery. When a person is given something to reach for it gives that person purpose. By know that the history of blacks didn't start with slavery could be all a black child need to get on the path to a better life. When you've been told that your people were slaves and before then lived in mud huts and that's your history, I'm pretty sure that an do some damage to a person's perception of self. All I'm asking is for the truth to be told! The ancient Egyptians were black and it was a lack nation until the Greeks invaded and conquered. And the arabs didn't show up until around 639 ad and have been there pretty much ever since but there are still remnants of those original people, black people in Egypt and it's sounding countries. Let's just be honest for once and give to those what is owed! Thank you! Proof is in the many pictures on the walls and statues that were left behind!