A team of archaeologists and earth scientists from the United Kingdom and Portugal have just completed a comparative study of Neanderthals who lived in western Europe approximately 100,000 years ago and humans who occupied the same terrain tens of thousands of years later. The differences in how the two populations survived in the area was stark. As detailed in an article just published in the journal PNAS, their research revealed some notable differences in the survival-related behavior patterns of the two populations, as might be expected. What was most remarkable is that their discoveries emerged exclusively from their study of tooth enamel samples, which were removed from teeth that belonged to ancient humans and Neanderthals and the animals they relied
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