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Vatican City, known officially as the Vatican City State, is the smallest and one of the most remarkable countries in the world. It is enclaved within Rome, the capital of Italy. There are only three enclaved countries in the world, the other two being San Marino, also surrounded by Italy, and Lesotho, which is an independent nation enclaved by South Africa The Vatican City is a product of the history of the Catholic Church and the unification of Italy, and therefore comes as no surprise that its head of state is the Pope. This tiny country is of immense religious and cultural importance across the world. The name Vatican comes from one of the seven hills of Rome. The History