The fascinating legacy of the controversial American physician who weighed the human soul and determined dogs don’t have one is an incredible story. And, like in many areas of life, what one believes and one’s beliefs have a huge influence on outcomes. Speculating upon, and fighting over, the existence, functions and restrictions of the human soul, has perhaps altered history more than any other topic since the dawn of time. In ancient Greece Pythagoras believed that the human soul was of divine origin and existed before and after death, while in early forms of Hinduism “the atman” ( “breath,” or “soul”) was the universal, eternal self. However, it wasn’t until 10 April 1901, in Dorchester, Massachusetts, that a physician believed
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