Frankly, I'm surprized that ANY old iron or steel turns up. The stuff was very hard to make and too valuable not to re-cycle. Want to find iron-age iron? Try looking at the barrels of Napoleonic muskets or the tires of 18th century wagons. They both probably contained small amounts of recycled iron age or medieval iron.
The materials should be tested for the source of origin (probably many), they would show the extent of the trading empire. These items were exchanged as gifts. The value following back to the Minoan palaces that had a highly organised economy and supported a much larger population than their own food sources through agriculture would allow, achieved by trading the raw materials coming back to be converted into higher value items for re-export. Also supplying experts for large building projects, architecture and engineering for a fee.
The folding chair was invented by Daedalus, Minoan. The foot scrolling is interesting as it is of a similar design to another Minoan artefact, a three-legged table, reproduced by plaster cast impression at Akrotiri, Thera, (Santorini). This artefact is jaw dropping too, it shows a level of craft similar to Chippendale. It is known that the Minoans exported to Egypt and traded works of daidala - finely crafted item (pottery, jewellery, textiles, metalwork including weapons) for gold and papyrus.
The ancient city of Chan Chan, Peru is one of the most impressive cities of that period in the Americas. To say that it is astounding does not do this unique adobe city justice. With an area totalling nearly 20 sq km, and a population of nearly 100,000 inhabitants, the words phenomenal, or incredible seem to be more appropriate.
The beauty of the workmanship displayed in the sculptures, and reliefs all show the touch of a masters hand, and are present in nearly all parts of the city. The design and layout of the city itself displays a knowledge of engineering seldom seen in the Americas before the Incas, and hints at an advanced understanding of mathematics and surveying techniques.
In addition, they solved their construction material problems in a logical way by using the materials at hand: mud and vegetable matter already present in the immediate area. Thus, there was no need to quarry and transport heavy stone blocks to build their city. This allowed the builders of Chan Chan to construct a far larger and more detailed city, one which would not have been possible using quarried stone.
I’m afraid I can’t say for sure where you might be able to read the Name Nodes but here are some more details. "The Name 'Nodens'" is the title of an essay by J.R.R. Tolkien, first published in July 1932 as Appendix I to Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric, Roman, and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire. In 2007, the essay was reprinted in Tolkien Studies, volume 4. You will find details of that publication here:
At first glance, the Acambaro figurines do not appear to be genuine, due to the deviation from what would be considered the “typical” styles of the region during the time period in question. This is the standard, nearly automatic answer given by the vast majority of archeaologists when confronted by “atypical” findings, which go against the currently accepted theories.
Insofar as verifying the authenticity of the artifacts goes, there are several basic “rule of thumb” techniques which can be used even by amateur archaelogists to determine if the objects “might” be authentic. All artifacts which have been the soil for periods of hundreds, or sometimes even thousand of years typically have indicators which may be used to “get a feel”, so to speak, of their possible authenticity.
One of these indicators is the presence of “root marks” on the surface of the artifact. These are small lines on the surface caused by the root systems of nearby plants which have rested against the object and left their traces on its outer layer.
Another method is the presence of Manganese deposits or “Manganese Blooms” on the surface of the piece. These marks are present in many ceramic objects which have been in the ground for a long period of time.
Thermoluminescence is used primarily as a dating technique, and if done correctly is a reasonably accurate dating tool, but is only used when there is a high probability of the artifact being authentic, and possibly of great value. This is due to the highly technical, and very costly process utilized.
Are the Acambaro figurines real, or are they fake? Until more research is done, the truth will not be known, but for me, with the evidence being what it is, I simply have to call fake. I do hope that I am proven wrong since verifying their legitimacy would turn the entire scientific community upside down. Something that I personally would enjoy watching.
myself i am not a member of this group but this is from their website "We accept members of different races, religions, backgrounds, and creeds. When members put on the S.O.O. USA Odin’s Head all personal beliefs are forgotten and we all stand together." how do you get racism from this statement
Seriously? Why would anyone take serious an "educational mode" that has camels prominently displayed? Did they not hire any Egyptologist that could tell them that there were no camels in ancient Egypt ? If they can't get that basic detail squared away, why should we take serious anything else ?
Unfortunately for the U.S., this is exactly what is happening at this point in our history. The perpetrators of this assault upon our history are simply the tools of a powerful group who’s ultimate goal is the control and subjugation of our population. The people who are being used have been conditioned to believe that they are somehow being wronged. or offended in some way by an inanimate structure such as a statue, and are totally unaware that they are being manipulated by an unseen group.
Well said! I am sorry if I ruffled your feathers a bit, but the tone of your post was similar to many posts by internet trolls, who only appear when there is an opportunity to stir up problems, and cause general chaos on a good site.
Apparently, you are not one of those, and your comment was indeed, intelligent and to the point. I did not intend to be condescending, and I am sorry if I appeared that way to you, but I believe that you can see my point as well.
And your condescending comment is an intelligent contribution? Really? In this field, like any serious field, credibility is king. If you're writing an article on Muhammed Ali & lead with picture of Mike Tyson, you've lost any argument you present before you start. Would people accept Tyson's photo as 'a representation of the best heavyweight boxer ever? I hope I don't have to answer that for you.
This field is all about attention to detail, and a mistake like this merits comment, indeed even ridicule, so therefore, is indeed an intelligent contribution.
The photo at the top of the article is used as a representation ofthe pyrimids at Giza, and nothing more. I am certain that the author is totally aware of the difference between the two, and really does not require you, me or anyone else to educate her on that particular bit of information.
The article, however, is worthy of comment, and if you had actually read the text, instead of stopping at the first photo, you might actually have something intelligent to contribute here.
Here you can navigate quickly through all comments made in any article sorted by date/time.
Frankly, I'm surprized that ANY old iron or steel turns up. The stuff was very hard to make and too valuable not to re-cycle. Want to find iron-age iron? Try looking at the barrels of Napoleonic muskets or the tires of 18th century wagons. They both probably contained small amounts of recycled iron age or medieval iron.
The materials should be tested for the source of origin (probably many), they would show the extent of the trading empire. These items were exchanged as gifts. The value following back to the Minoan palaces that had a highly organised economy and supported a much larger population than their own food sources through agriculture would allow, achieved by trading the raw materials coming back to be converted into higher value items for re-export. Also supplying experts for large building projects, architecture and engineering for a fee.
The folding chair was invented by Daedalus, Minoan. The foot scrolling is interesting as it is of a similar design to another Minoan artefact, a three-legged table, reproduced by plaster cast impression at Akrotiri, Thera, (Santorini). This artefact is jaw dropping too, it shows a level of craft similar to Chippendale. It is known that the Minoans exported to Egypt and traded works of daidala - finely crafted item (pottery, jewellery, textiles, metalwork including weapons) for gold and papyrus.
It Is sorry only, that it is impossible to load the publications on a website, so as it is done in blogs and on other websites.
The ancient city of Chan Chan, Peru is one of the most impressive cities of that period in the Americas. To say that it is astounding does not do this unique adobe city justice. With an area totalling nearly 20 sq km, and a population of nearly 100,000 inhabitants, the words phenomenal, or incredible seem to be more appropriate.
The beauty of the workmanship displayed in the sculptures, and reliefs all show the touch of a masters hand, and are present in nearly all parts of the city. The design and layout of the city itself displays a knowledge of engineering seldom seen in the Americas before the Incas, and hints at an advanced understanding of mathematics and surveying techniques.
In addition, they solved their construction material problems in a logical way by using the materials at hand: mud and vegetable matter already present in the immediate area. Thus, there was no need to quarry and transport heavy stone blocks to build their city. This allowed the builders of Chan Chan to construct a far larger and more detailed city, one which would not have been possible using quarried stone.
Aparently so. Good luck getting your hands on it though!
http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/The_Diaries_of_J.R.R._Tolkien
I’m afraid I can’t say for sure where you might be able to read the Name Nodes but here are some more details. "The Name 'Nodens'" is the title of an essay by J.R.R. Tolkien, first published in July 1932 as Appendix I to Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric, Roman, and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire. In 2007, the essay was reprinted in Tolkien Studies, volume 4. You will find details of that publication here:
http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Tolkien_Studies:_Volume_4
I hope that heads you in the right direction.
Where might one find Tolkien's paper on Nodens?
At first glance, the Acambaro figurines do not appear to be genuine, due to the deviation from what would be considered the “typical” styles of the region during the time period in question. This is the standard, nearly automatic answer given by the vast majority of archeaologists when confronted by “atypical” findings, which go against the currently accepted theories.
Insofar as verifying the authenticity of the artifacts goes, there are several basic “rule of thumb” techniques which can be used even by amateur archaelogists to determine if the objects “might” be authentic. All artifacts which have been the soil for periods of hundreds, or sometimes even thousand of years typically have indicators which may be used to “get a feel”, so to speak, of their possible authenticity.
One of these indicators is the presence of “root marks” on the surface of the artifact. These are small lines on the surface caused by the root systems of nearby plants which have rested against the object and left their traces on its outer layer.
Another method is the presence of Manganese deposits or “Manganese Blooms” on the surface of the piece. These marks are present in many ceramic objects which have been in the ground for a long period of time.
Thermoluminescence is used primarily as a dating technique, and if done correctly is a reasonably accurate dating tool, but is only used when there is a high probability of the artifact being authentic, and possibly of great value. This is due to the highly technical, and very costly process utilized.
Are the Acambaro figurines real, or are they fake? Until more research is done, the truth will not be known, but for me, with the evidence being what it is, I simply have to call fake. I do hope that I am proven wrong since verifying their legitimacy would turn the entire scientific community upside down. Something that I personally would enjoy watching.
myself i am not a member of this group but this is from their website "We accept members of different races, religions, backgrounds, and creeds. When members put on the S.O.O. USA Odin’s Head all personal beliefs are forgotten and we all stand together." how do you get racism from this statement
this is cool ! did Tolkien keep a diary ???
Seriously? Why would anyone take serious an "educational mode" that has camels prominently displayed? Did they not hire any Egyptologist that could tell them that there were no camels in ancient Egypt ? If they can't get that basic detail squared away, why should we take serious anything else ?
This is the result of too much relying on positive sciences.
Unfortunately for the U.S., this is exactly what is happening at this point in our history. The perpetrators of this assault upon our history are simply the tools of a powerful group who’s ultimate goal is the control and subjugation of our population. The people who are being used have been conditioned to believe that they are somehow being wronged. or offended in some way by an inanimate structure such as a statue, and are totally unaware that they are being manipulated by an unseen group.
All in all, it is very much like Orwell’s 1984.
Cool. Good to hear! :)
No hard feelings at all. And btw, my comment was about block size, not the photo! :)
Hi Neil,
Well said! I am sorry if I ruffled your feathers a bit, but the tone of your post was similar to many posts by internet trolls, who only appear when there is an opportunity to stir up problems, and cause general chaos on a good site.
Apparently, you are not one of those, and your comment was indeed, intelligent and to the point. I did not intend to be condescending, and I am sorry if I appeared that way to you, but I believe that you can see my point as well.
No hard feelings?
And your condescending comment is an intelligent contribution? Really? In this field, like any serious field, credibility is king. If you're writing an article on Muhammed Ali & lead with picture of Mike Tyson, you've lost any argument you present before you start. Would people accept Tyson's photo as 'a representation of the best heavyweight boxer ever? I hope I don't have to answer that for you.
This field is all about attention to detail, and a mistake like this merits comment, indeed even ridicule, so therefore, is indeed an intelligent contribution.
The photo at the top of the article is used as a representation ofthe pyrimids at Giza, and nothing more. I am certain that the author is totally aware of the difference between the two, and really does not require you, me or anyone else to educate her on that particular bit of information.
The article, however, is worthy of comment, and if you had actually read the text, instead of stopping at the first photo, you might actually have something intelligent to contribute here.
Oshun (known as Ochún or Oxúm in Latin America) also spelled Ọṣun
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