Viking Burial, Sword, and Treasure Unearthed During Home Remodeling Excavation

Little did Oddbjørn Holum Heiland know what he would find when he embarked on a Friday night project, commencing excavation work behind his 1740 Setesdalshouse alongside his wife, Anne. Long story short, the oblong top of a gravestone and the iron hilt of a sword, both related to the Viking Age, were discovered! The full significance of the discovery? A stunning Viking burial site that was completely unexplored.

Their plan was to extend the house, creating additional space in the rear. Speaking to Science in Norway over the phone from Setesdal in Southern Norway, Heiland mentioned, "I initially intended to do just a small amount of digging on the slope behind the house, to create some distance between the house and the surrounding land." But what a can of worms was opened!

A Grave and a Sword: Surprising Finds

As Heiland removed the grass and topsoil, an oblong stone came into view. Paying little attention to it, he set it aside and continued digging. However, as the digging bucket penetrated the next layer—the moraine beneath the topsoil—a surprising iron object emerged. Heiland recounted, "I looked at it and thought, 'This looks a lot like a sword blade.' And when I emptied the contents of the digging bucket, the hilt of a sword fell out."

A rare to discovery of Viking sword and Viking graves. Expert and homeowners examine the find. (Joakim Wintervoll/Science Norway)

Suddenly, it dawned on Oddbjørn that the stone he had just uncovered might be a gravestone. Curiosity led him to conduct a brief online search, where he stumbled upon an almost identical sword from the Viking Age discovered in another region of the country some time ago. "That's when I realized that this must be Viking-related," he admitted.

Demonstrating commendable responsibility, Oddbjørn promptly ceased his excavation activities, safely stored the unearthed items, and wasted no time in contacting the county municipality on Monday morning.

In a swift response, county archaeologist Joakim Wintervoll from Agder County municipality and Jo-Simon Frøshaug Stokke from the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo arrived the following day to examine the remarkable find – it was their assessment that confirmed the profundity of the find.

“I immediately cleared my schedule and made some calls to see what was possible to get done,” Joakim Wintervoll said.

“Jo-Simon and I went up there together to have a look at it, and it was quite clear that this was a grave. It is a very rare find, very exciting. But it’s the hilt that tells us this is a sword from the Viking Age. We have datings for different styles of hilts from year zero, so we have a pretty good overview of how these hilts have changed from the early Iron Age and into the Middle Ages,” he added.

 (Right) Detail of the hilt, the handle of the sword, which reveals that this sword is from the Viking Age.  (Joakim Wintervoll/Science Norway)

The sword's construction provides archaeologists with valuable insights for dating the discovery. Comprising two sword fragments, the recovered pieces form a sword measuring 70 cm (27.5 in) in length, with a blade width of 5 cm (1.96 in) at its widest point. The hilt, an item influenced by fashion trends, exhibits a style that places it around the late 800s to early 900s, reports Arkeonews.

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Previous Digs and Other Finds at the Site

Oddbjørn and Anne Holum Heiland had sought approval for their house extension, considering they reside in a historical dwelling dating back to 1740. "Given the distance from other cultural heritage sites," Wintervoll remarks, "we did not anticipate the likelihood of finding anything significant in that particular area." Furthermore, Anne's parents had conducted excavations around the house in the 1970s. Thus, it appears purely coincidental that the grave site had remained undisturbed until now.

In addition to the sword and potential gravestone, the Setesdal grave yielded a lance—a long spear designed for mounted warfare. However, as of now, no further indications suggest that this is the burial site of a mounted warrior.

Gilded belt buckle and glass beads also among the finds in the Viking burial in Norway. (Joakim Wintervoll/Science Norway)

Other remarkable items discovered include gilded glass beads and a belt buckle. Notably, while placing the buckle in the designated museum box, a glimmer of gold caught their attention, leading to the belief that the buckle itself might be gilded. Lastly, a bronze brooch, featuring a typical Viking animal motif, was also found. These brooches were commonly used to fasten capes securely in place.

“It’s very rare to discover weapon graves from the Viking Age, and this grave is a little richer than we are used to. The objects are also a bit better preserved than what we normally have to work with,” says Jo-Simon Frøshaug Stokke, the archaeologist at the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo who accompanied Wintervoll in examining the find.

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Gender and Age: Challenges and Politics of Viking Burials

Stokke further explains that collection of weapons and jewelry suggest it’s a site rather than a grave. Very few Vikings were wealthy enough to afford extravagant possessions like helmets and swords, despite what popular historical sentiment about them might feel like. This particular grave was clearly that of a person from a higher social status, with access to resources.

The jewelry was an indicator that the grave was that of a man, not a woman. Men appreciated luxurious possessions and it was not uncommon for men’s graves to yield jewelry. As of now, it is difficult to indicate the gender and age of the deceased person’s age, due to decomposition of bones and other organic matter.

Stokke elaborates on the purpose of burial, concluding, "The act of burial is performed by the descendants of the deceased. It serves as a claim to the land where the person rests." He continues, "A recurring pattern we observe is burying individuals who owned land near the farm, often in a location easily visible from nearby roads. Passersby would then witness the grave, establishing a connection between the current residents and their ancestral ties to the land. This is our heritage; we assert our longstanding ownership over this land through the visible presence of the grave."

Top image: Anne and Oddbjørn Holum Heiland have discovered a Viking age burial with weaponry and jewelry from about 1200 years ago during a home renovation. Source: Joakim Wintervoll/Science Norway

By Sahir Pandey