Hunting has always inherently required aggression. Humans are also omnivores. The change in diet is likely to be less of a reason for aggression towards other humans than the fact that agriculture allowed people to stay put and accumulate possessions. That provided something to fight over. Food in the USA may well be problematic as the lack of regulation allows the use of additives that have long been banned in Europe, like Diazo coal tar dyes in childrens sweets, banned due to causing hyperactivity. That must surely be affecting the brain either directly or indirectly.
As vanilla grew in areas that were definitely not accessible to jews or any mediterranean or persian or even indian peoples at that time I tend to say: Rubbish!
But vanillin can develop from eugenol by oxidation. As eugenol is a compound in several herbs that may have been used to spice up the wine I assume that the vanillin developed from the eugenol content of spices like Bay Leaf or Clove.
Firstly, the abstract pictograms are entirely consistent with abstract grid markings etc seen in cave art. Secondly, you do realise that the chemical compound illustrations you see in science textbooks are not a realistic representation of a chemical compound? The pologonic format is just a way of clearly defining the various elements. And is the author aware there were no humans in the Urals 300,000 years ago? Why then was an image from the USA used to illustrate a story from Russia? I believe that some fundamental misinterpretations have been occurring.
There is no Piramses in the bible, only a Raamses/Rameses. (Raamses can't be Piramses because bible name has no Pi-/Per- (while it supposedly does in Pithom), plus other reasons.) Pithom and Raamses are not mythical (except in pre-Plato meaning of oral history). There is not necessarily any king/pharaoh Ramses mentioned in Exodus or Genesis only a city and a land. Exodus was about 480 years before Ramses II. (Though conventional scholars don’t yet accept it, but even in their chronology exodus can’t be later than late 18th dynasty.)
Pithom is not Per-Atum in north-east Delta for various reasons including Per-atum is too late (19th dyn "1200s" bc (and the conventional dates are at least 2-3 centuries too old so the true date is even later)), too close to Succoth and the Egyptian border re the exodus route, and the cities are implied to be near main trunk of Nile and royal capital and more central (Moses placed in Nile and found by princess, Israelites filled the land), and other reasons. Iunu/On (Helipolis) is possible as there was a temple to Atum there called Per-atum. There are also some other candidates including Piom/Pium/Faiyum, Itj-tawy/Ithtowy (with a P- prefix), Tithoes (Labyrinth), Thebes (Atum also a god there), or Amenemhet II sites (as he is described as "like the god Tmu").
Raamses is more difficlut to find but here are some candidates in similar time and place to the Pithom ones including the Labyrinth of Ra-n-maat/Nemare (Amememhet), Thebes (Ra), Helopolis/Iunu (Ra), 4th dynasty sites (name Ramses found in them), Pyramids (similar to Pi-ramses).
(Zoan mentined in the comment can not be Tanis for various reasons including Tanis is too late (while Zoan and Hebron were founded only 7 years apart), the linguistics maybe don't match, etc. Yam Suf in bible can only be in Aqaba since Exodus says numerous times they had left Egypt before the sea crossing, and they went not by way of the Philistines, and they later turned aside and were trapped in the land, and no chariots parts have been found in Suez gulf/canal or anywhere else except Aqaba, and "Sinai" peninsula is not able to hold 600000 men for 40 years through numerous stops (and too close to Egyptian mining centre and Egypt borders).)
You have written an interesting article that makes several important points. Yes, the cities of the Exodus have been identified, especially through the years of paintaking work locating Pi-Ramesses by Manfred Bietak and his team (this was the site of Per-Nefer, the harbour built in the New Kingdom during the time of Hatshepsut/Thutmoses III). Yes the Papyrus Anastasi lists many toponyms specific to that time period, and yes, the victory stela of Pharaoh Merneptah mentions Israel as an ethnic group living in the central hill-country of Israel by ~1200 BCE.
However, your final conclusion seem far from reasonable considering your previous review. Considering that Israel is described as early as 1200 BCE, why would a “Hebrew scribe” create a story centuries later? What if they already had scrolls from centuries earlier, passed down through the priestly families?
The names Pithom and Raamses would not in fact have been instantly recognizable in the 7th century, and we even have evidence for that. Later Biblical writers used the Hebrew word “Zoan” to describe the Egyptian capital, which in later centuries was actually Tanis. Psalms 78:12 mentions Egypt and its fields of Zoan (Tanis) and Isaiah 19:11 also mentions Zoan and Pharaoh. Interestingly, once the Nile branch that flowed through Pi-Ramesses silted up, the city was moved to the Tanitic branch of the Nile, and Tanis was founded (circa. 1050 BCE). Therefore, the name of Pi-Ramesses was only used during a specific slice of time during the later New Kingdom. This corresponds to four other Biblical names that can be found in 19th Dynasty texts: Pithom (as you mentioned), plus Succoth, Migdol, and Yam Suph, which is the equivalent of “pa-tufy” in the Anastasi III and VIII and the Onomasticon of Amenope.
This evidence suggests that, preserved within the Torah, are ancient threads of older documents, which themselves preserve late Bronze Age names and expressions. Great examples are the famous expressions referring to Yahweh’s “powerful right arm” and “mighty right hand”, which are equivalent to Egyptian terms referring to Pharaoh and the Egyptian gods.
Please check out the important work by Egyptologist James Hoffmeier and geographer Stephen Moshier, who have painstakingly recreated the ancient geography and topography of the Eastern Delta during the 19th Dynasty. They have demonstrated that a group of slaves could have escaped during this time, making their way through an area of marshland south of the Egyptian forts along the “Way of Horus”. If this occured during the reign of Ramesses I, then it might explain why his son Seti I set out into the Sinai to battle against the nomadic “Shashu” peoples.
Finally, I think this becomes much clearer if Moses is equated with the Pharaoh Akhenaten, who returned from exile to free his mother’s people. Please read my book Moses Restored, specifically Chapter Eight: The Exodus.
Seriously?! These progressive globalist types got more money than sense. There ain't nuthin this robotic form can do, that a real dog can do better. But then, when you're spending other people's money, why not? After all it's scientific.. right?
I am sceptical of those who have discredited Dr Robert Shonk. His research flew in the face of mainstream archeology, and clearly pushing it's age back to the age of Leo. That does make sense. During that age, Leo would have been the last constellation on the eastern horizon before sunrise every spring equinox, for about 2,600 years. A bigger question is why do mainstream science try to minimize the precession of the equinox? Is it because there is no explanation of why the ancient scholars knew much about it, and only in the last century modern science has re-discovered it? What are they still hiding?
Interesting speculation. Clearly anyone who thinks the Grand Canyon was made by erosion caused by the Colorado River, really is gullible. Plate technics are real. Until we really know the geology of the center of the earth, we can only speculate. Which we do not know. If indeed it is molten iron, we would have no electromagnetic ionosphere and northern lights. Because heated iron looses it's ability to magnetize.
Damn mushrooms kept me awake, way past my bedtime and into the morning.
If you have an interest then go on to research the mushroom Amanita Muscaria, it has an interesting history amoung European peoples and is still used by the Sami people.
and still I believe that Darvill has a hypothesis that needs a non antagonistic review. John Hill simply rips Darvill’s approach apart, In my view in an unfair manner as Darvill is not here to defend his position of which he may well be able to do so. We have no evidence of the builders literacy or numeracy but that does not mean to say they weren’t.
I am a goat farmer, and can answer your question. It's very unlikely ancient people had any lactose intolerances to worry about. Today we pasteurize milk. In this process all bacteria, good and pathogenic are removed. That's OK. What causes lactose intolerances is a process called homogenization. It's a cosmetic process that keeps cooled milk from separating into it's oil soluble 'cream' portions, and water soluble ( whey, or skim milk) portions. It's accomplished by forcing milk though a tiny orafice under very high pressure. This causes the fat molecules to become imploded, or turned inside out. Now they remain in suspension, and don't separate into cream and skim milk. However, your colon does not recognize these changed molecules of the cream as food. So they tend to build up as a plage on the walls of the colon. Not letting any thing be well digested, not just milk. It's a cosmetic process done just to keep real milk from separating. So stupid. It makes people sick. There is no law or other reason. Consumers are just ignorant of reality. Homogenization is unnecessary.
Although the article does correctly explain various interpretations that have been applied down through time, there’s another one which has been missed.
I don’t claim this interpretation as mine. An acquaintance recently related the story of a woman sincerely praying to God and asking what the four horsemen represented. God’s answer to her was that they represent **the four races of man** – white, red, black and pale (Asiatic).
To elaborate on that interpretation, these four horses represent four powerful demonic influences on the four races, drawing out their worst characteristics. The white (Caucasian) race is often imperialistic and “conquering” (as this article rightly notes). The red race is often militant and warlike. The black race often experiences famine as well as slavery. And, the Asiatic race often causes...err...plagues.
I don’t mean this in any way as racist or defamatory. One could legitimately claim that many aspects of the biblical text aren’t very politically correct. On the other hand, I *do* claim that this was the original, intended meaning of the four horsemen.
In addition, although this symbolism can apply in general, down through man’s history, it’s **specifically** intended to apply to a time period shortly preceding the return of Christ.
How do we know? Because we can establish how Revelation was meant to be interpreted, and it was meant to have a **partial** historical fulfillment, as well as a more complete fulfillment at the so-called “end” of history.
Matthew 24 sheds light on this, where we read of the disciples questioning Jesus after He told them that “not one stone would be left on another,” etc., of the Temple. They asked:
1) When will these things happen 2) What will the sign of Jesus coming be 3) When is the end of the age (not world!)
#1 happened in the first century, but #2 and #3 are end-time. But when Jesus answered, He didn’t distinguish between these two time periods. Therefore, His answers apply to BOTH. And by examining how things played out in the first century, we can better understand what to expect in the end time.
There were “wars and rumors of wars” that led up to a great war between the two superpowers of the day – Rome and Parthia (on the east side of the Euphrates) – from 58 – 63 AD (cf Mat. 24:7). Afterwards, they signed a peace treaty, and after a short respite, Rome laid siege to Jerusalem for 3 ½ years beginning in 66 AD.
Revelation is set in the time context of this war between Rome and Parthia – when Nero was ruling (see Rev. 17:10) – and although not all of the prophesied destruction happened during this war, the literary intent of Revelation is that that prophesied destruction WILL happen **during a similar war in our day**.
We’re in the very beginning of that war, right now.
Finally. Archeologists are coming clean with truth. Sort of. We do know the Sahara was green and verdent. Huge ancient civilizations left lots of evidence. The theory of changing earths axis is as bogus as evolution from monkeys. Abuse of forests, grasslands and soil in general is far more a likely culprit. The work of Allan Savoy in Zambia on reclaiming the Sahara is evidence that soil is a living, breathing, growing community of microflora, bacteria, fungi, and animals. On top of this we know that about 10,000 years ago the Amazon river basin was a yellow clay desert. Archeologists discovered this with core samples of the Terra preta( black soil) of the rainforest. The same people who brought you 'global warming' don't want you to know that the rainforest is a man-made phenomena. These archeologists found little bits of feathers, bones, broken pottery and lots of charcoal all the way down the soil to the yellow clay. And nothing in the clay. Seasonal rain that came over the Andes appears to have just eroded to the Atlantic before humans came and intentionally made soil using intentionally made charcoal in mud kilns. Mixing it with manure, created soil that started the rainforest and fed huge populations of the civilizations that the archeologists were searching for. Back to the Sahara. Humans do rape nature. Like the legendary Cedars of Lebanon, that also is a desert today. Africa is bigger than the Sahara, and it's not all desert. But much of the once fertile crescent is. The so called cradle of civilization. A bigger question is why do some civilizations know how to build soils, and others don't, or maybe, won't. Even the ancient Greeks knew that civilizations rose and fell depending on the population of worms in their soils.
As for the nonsense of planetary axis shift, there is a wobble in Earth's rotational axis that is about 23° from the plane of travel around the sun. This wobble takes 26,000 years to make ONE revolution. This is known as the 'great year'. It is divided into 12 'AGEs' . We are just now leaving the age of Pices and entering the age of Aquarius. All of this was known in ancient times, and only in recent years re-discovered by mainstream science. It's called the Precession of the equinox. It does not explain deserts and jungles. Humans do. We are as creative, as we are destructive. We are also as intelligent, as we are plain dumb.
I rather doubt scientists would say that human technology, when compared to the use of fossil fuel and modern technology today 10,000 years ago, dried up the Sahara. To state that type of hypothesis is indeed a bit of a stretch. But nevertheless this was a great article and thanks for creating our interest. Hopefully we can solve this mystery into the future and not repeat what happened in the Sahara which was probably more of a sudden tilt in the earths axis rather than what early humans were doing.
I rather doubt scientists would say that human technology, when compared to the use of fossil fuel and modern technology today 10,000 years ago, dried up the Sahara. To state that type of hypothesis is indeed a bit of a stretch. But nevertheless this was a great article and thanks for creating our interest. Hopefully we can solve this mystery into the future and not repeat what happened in the Sahara which was probably more of a sudden tilt in the earths axis rather than what early humans were doing.
Here you can navigate quickly through all comments made in any article sorted by date/time.
Hunting has always inherently required aggression. Humans are also omnivores. The change in diet is likely to be less of a reason for aggression towards other humans than the fact that agriculture allowed people to stay put and accumulate possessions. That provided something to fight over. Food in the USA may well be problematic as the lack of regulation allows the use of additives that have long been banned in Europe, like Diazo coal tar dyes in childrens sweets, banned due to causing hyperactivity. That must surely be affecting the brain either directly or indirectly.
I believe in the possibility.
As vanilla grew in areas that were definitely not accessible to jews or any mediterranean or persian or even indian peoples at that time I tend to say: Rubbish!
But vanillin can develop from eugenol by oxidation. As eugenol is a compound in several herbs that may have been used to spice up the wine I assume that the vanillin developed from the eugenol content of spices like Bay Leaf or Clove.
Good find, kiddo.
Firstly, the abstract pictograms are entirely consistent with abstract grid markings etc seen in cave art. Secondly, you do realise that the chemical compound illustrations you see in science textbooks are not a realistic representation of a chemical compound? The pologonic format is just a way of clearly defining the various elements. And is the author aware there were no humans in the Urals 300,000 years ago? Why then was an image from the USA used to illustrate a story from Russia? I believe that some fundamental misinterpretations have been occurring.
There is no Piramses in the bible, only a Raamses/Rameses. (Raamses can't be Piramses because bible name has no Pi-/Per- (while it supposedly does in Pithom), plus other reasons.)
Pithom and Raamses are not mythical (except in pre-Plato meaning of oral history).
There is not necessarily any king/pharaoh Ramses mentioned in Exodus or Genesis only a city and a land.
Exodus was about 480 years before Ramses II. (Though conventional scholars don’t yet accept it, but even in their chronology exodus can’t be later than late 18th dynasty.)
Pithom is not Per-Atum in north-east Delta for various reasons including Per-atum is too late (19th dyn "1200s" bc (and the conventional dates are at least 2-3 centuries too old so the true date is even later)), too close to Succoth and the Egyptian border re the exodus route, and the cities are implied to be near main trunk of Nile and royal capital and more central (Moses placed in Nile and found by princess, Israelites filled the land), and other reasons.
Iunu/On (Helipolis) is possible as there was a temple to Atum there called Per-atum. There are also some other candidates including Piom/Pium/Faiyum, Itj-tawy/Ithtowy (with a P- prefix), Tithoes (Labyrinth), Thebes (Atum also a god there), or Amenemhet II sites (as he is described as "like the god Tmu").
Raamses is more difficlut to find but here are some candidates in similar time and place to the Pithom ones including the Labyrinth of Ra-n-maat/Nemare (Amememhet), Thebes (Ra), Helopolis/Iunu (Ra), 4th dynasty sites (name Ramses found in them), Pyramids (similar to Pi-ramses).
(Zoan mentined in the comment can not be Tanis for various reasons including Tanis is too late (while Zoan and Hebron were founded only 7 years apart), the linguistics maybe don't match, etc. Yam Suf in bible can only be in Aqaba since Exodus says numerous times they had left Egypt before the sea crossing, and they went not by way of the Philistines, and they later turned aside and were trapped in the land, and no chariots parts have been found in Suez gulf/canal or anywhere else except Aqaba, and "Sinai" peninsula is not able to hold 600000 men for 40 years through numerous stops (and too close to Egyptian mining centre and Egypt borders).)
Can another connection also be made to the Bolivian Puma Punku H’s?
Jake,
You have written an interesting article that makes several important points. Yes, the cities of the Exodus have been identified, especially through the years of paintaking work locating Pi-Ramesses by Manfred Bietak and his team (this was the site of Per-Nefer, the harbour built in the New Kingdom during the time of Hatshepsut/Thutmoses III). Yes the Papyrus Anastasi lists many toponyms specific to that time period, and yes, the victory stela of Pharaoh Merneptah mentions Israel as an ethnic group living in the central hill-country of Israel by ~1200 BCE.
However, your final conclusion seem far from reasonable considering your previous review. Considering that Israel is described as early as 1200 BCE, why would a “Hebrew scribe” create a story centuries later? What if they already had scrolls from centuries earlier, passed down through the priestly families?
The names Pithom and Raamses would not in fact have been instantly recognizable in the 7th century, and we even have evidence for that. Later Biblical writers used the Hebrew word “Zoan” to describe the Egyptian capital, which in later centuries was actually Tanis. Psalms 78:12 mentions Egypt and its fields of Zoan (Tanis) and Isaiah 19:11 also mentions Zoan and Pharaoh. Interestingly, once the Nile branch that flowed through Pi-Ramesses silted up, the city was moved to the Tanitic branch of the Nile, and Tanis was founded (circa. 1050 BCE). Therefore, the name of Pi-Ramesses was only used during a specific slice of time during the later New Kingdom. This corresponds to four other Biblical names that can be found in 19th Dynasty texts: Pithom (as you mentioned), plus Succoth, Migdol, and Yam Suph, which is the equivalent of “pa-tufy” in the Anastasi III and VIII and the Onomasticon of Amenope.
This evidence suggests that, preserved within the Torah, are ancient threads of older documents, which themselves preserve late Bronze Age names and expressions. Great examples are the famous expressions referring to Yahweh’s “powerful right arm” and “mighty right hand”, which are equivalent to Egyptian terms referring to Pharaoh and the Egyptian gods.
Please check out the important work by Egyptologist James Hoffmeier and geographer Stephen Moshier, who have painstakingly recreated the ancient geography and topography of the Eastern Delta during the 19th Dynasty. They have demonstrated that a group of slaves could have escaped during this time, making their way through an area of marshland south of the Egyptian forts along the “Way of Horus”. If this occured during the reign of Ramesses I, then it might explain why his son Seti I set out into the Sinai to battle against the nomadic “Shashu” peoples.
Finally, I think this becomes much clearer if Moses is equated with the Pharaoh Akhenaten, who returned from exile to free his mother’s people. Please read my book Moses Restored, specifically Chapter Eight: The Exodus.
Thank-you for a great article!
Seriously?! These progressive globalist types got more money than sense. There ain't nuthin this robotic form can do, that a real dog can do better. But then, when you're spending other people's money, why not? After all it's scientific.. right?
I am sceptical of those who have discredited Dr Robert Shonk. His research flew in the face of mainstream archeology, and clearly pushing it's age back to the age of Leo. That does make sense. During that age, Leo would have been the last constellation on the eastern horizon before sunrise every spring equinox, for about 2,600 years. A bigger question is why do mainstream science try to minimize the precession of the equinox? Is it because there is no explanation of why the ancient scholars knew much about it, and only in the last century modern science has re-discovered it? What are they still hiding?
Interesting speculation. Clearly anyone who thinks the Grand Canyon was made by erosion caused by the Colorado River, really is gullible. Plate technics are real. Until we really know the geology of the center of the earth, we can only speculate. Which we do not know. If indeed it is molten iron, we would have no electromagnetic ionosphere and northern lights. Because heated iron looses it's ability to magnetize.
Damn mushrooms kept me awake, way past my bedtime and into the morning.
If you have an interest then go on to research the mushroom Amanita Muscaria, it has an interesting history amoung European peoples and is still used by the Sami people.
If you want a good interpretation of this you should check out this research and full calander of events.
www.lettertolaodicea.net/fulfilled-prophecies
and still I believe that Darvill has a hypothesis that needs a non antagonistic review. John Hill simply rips Darvill’s approach apart, In my view in an unfair manner as Darvill is not here to defend his position of which he may well be able to do so. We have no evidence of the builders literacy or numeracy but that does not mean to say they weren’t.
Tract of land, not track.
I am a goat farmer, and can answer your question. It's very unlikely ancient people had any lactose intolerances to worry about. Today we pasteurize milk. In this process all bacteria, good and pathogenic are removed. That's OK. What causes lactose intolerances is a process called homogenization. It's a cosmetic process that keeps cooled milk from separating into it's oil soluble 'cream' portions, and water soluble ( whey, or skim milk) portions. It's accomplished by forcing milk though a tiny orafice under very high pressure. This causes the fat molecules to become imploded, or turned inside out. Now they remain in suspension, and don't separate into cream and skim milk. However, your colon does not recognize these changed molecules of the cream as food. So they tend to build up as a plage on the walls of the colon. Not letting any thing be well digested, not just milk. It's a cosmetic process done just to keep real milk from separating. So stupid. It makes people sick. There is no law or other reason. Consumers are just ignorant of reality. Homogenization is unnecessary.
Although the article does correctly explain various interpretations that have been applied down through time, there’s another one which has been missed.
I don’t claim this interpretation as mine. An acquaintance recently related the story of a woman sincerely praying to God and asking what the four horsemen represented. God’s answer to her was that they represent **the four races of man** – white, red, black and pale (Asiatic).
To elaborate on that interpretation, these four horses represent four powerful demonic influences on the four races, drawing out their worst characteristics. The white (Caucasian) race is often imperialistic and “conquering” (as this article rightly notes). The red race is often militant and warlike. The black race often experiences famine as well as slavery. And, the Asiatic race often causes...err...plagues.
I don’t mean this in any way as racist or defamatory. One could legitimately claim that many aspects of the biblical text aren’t very politically correct. On the other hand, I *do* claim that this was the original, intended meaning of the four horsemen.
In addition, although this symbolism can apply in general, down through man’s history, it’s **specifically** intended to apply to a time period shortly preceding the return of Christ.
How do we know? Because we can establish how Revelation was meant to be interpreted, and it was meant to have a **partial** historical fulfillment, as well as a more complete fulfillment at the so-called “end” of history.
Matthew 24 sheds light on this, where we read of the disciples questioning Jesus after He told them that “not one stone would be left on another,” etc., of the Temple. They asked:
1) When will these things happen
2) What will the sign of Jesus coming be
3) When is the end of the age (not world!)
#1 happened in the first century, but #2 and #3 are end-time. But when Jesus answered, He didn’t distinguish between these two time periods. Therefore, His answers apply to BOTH. And by examining how things played out in the first century, we can better understand what to expect in the end time.
There were “wars and rumors of wars” that led up to a great war between the two superpowers of the day – Rome and Parthia (on the east side of the Euphrates) – from 58 – 63 AD (cf Mat. 24:7). Afterwards, they signed a peace treaty, and after a short respite, Rome laid siege to Jerusalem for 3 ½ years beginning in 66 AD.
Revelation is set in the time context of this war between Rome and Parthia – when Nero was ruling (see Rev. 17:10) – and although not all of the prophesied destruction happened during this war, the literary intent of Revelation is that that prophesied destruction WILL happen **during a similar war in our day**.
We’re in the very beginning of that war, right now.
Finally. Archeologists are coming clean with truth. Sort of. We do know the Sahara was green and verdent. Huge ancient civilizations left lots of evidence. The theory of changing earths axis is as bogus as evolution from monkeys. Abuse of forests, grasslands and soil in general is far more a likely culprit. The work of Allan Savoy in Zambia on reclaiming the Sahara is evidence that soil is a living, breathing, growing community of microflora, bacteria, fungi, and animals. On top of this we know that about 10,000 years ago the Amazon river basin was a yellow clay desert. Archeologists discovered this with core samples of the Terra preta( black soil) of the rainforest. The same people who brought you 'global warming' don't want you to know that the rainforest is a man-made phenomena. These archeologists found little bits of feathers, bones, broken pottery and lots of charcoal all the way down the soil to the yellow clay. And nothing in the clay. Seasonal rain that came over the Andes appears to have just eroded to the Atlantic before humans came and intentionally made soil using intentionally made charcoal in mud kilns. Mixing it with manure, created soil that started the rainforest and fed huge populations of the civilizations that the archeologists were searching for. Back to the Sahara. Humans do rape nature. Like the legendary Cedars of Lebanon, that also is a desert today. Africa is bigger than the Sahara, and it's not all desert. But much of the once fertile crescent is. The so called cradle of civilization. A bigger question is why do some civilizations know how to build soils, and others don't, or maybe, won't. Even the ancient Greeks knew that civilizations rose and fell depending on the population of worms in their soils.
As for the nonsense of planetary axis shift, there is a wobble in Earth's rotational axis that is about 23° from the plane of travel around the sun. This wobble takes 26,000 years to make ONE revolution. This is known as the 'great year'. It is divided into 12 'AGEs' . We are just now leaving the age of Pices and entering the age of Aquarius. All of this was known in ancient times, and only in recent years re-discovered by mainstream science. It's called the Precession of the equinox. It does not explain deserts and jungles. Humans do. We are as creative, as we are destructive. We are also as intelligent, as we are plain dumb.
I rather doubt scientists would say that human technology, when compared to the use of fossil fuel and modern technology today 10,000 years ago, dried up the Sahara. To state that type of hypothesis is indeed a bit of a stretch. But nevertheless this was a great article and thanks for creating our interest. Hopefully we can solve this mystery into the future and not repeat what happened in the Sahara which was probably more of a sudden tilt in the earths axis rather than what early humans were doing.
I rather doubt scientists would say that human technology, when compared to the use of fossil fuel and modern technology today 10,000 years ago, dried up the Sahara. To state that type of hypothesis is indeed a bit of a stretch. But nevertheless this was a great article and thanks for creating our interest. Hopefully we can solve this mystery into the future and not repeat what happened in the Sahara which was probably more of a sudden tilt in the earths axis rather than what early humans were doing.
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