Richard I (more commonly known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart) was a king of England who lived during the 12th century. He is arguably best-known for the role he played in the Third Crusade. Although Richard earned a reputation for being a formidable military commander and warrior (hence his epithet, ‘the Lionheart’), he may be said to have been less successful as a ruler. In fact, Richard was so pre-occupied with the crusades that he abandoned his responsibilities as King of England. In his absence, England fell into the hands of his brother, John, who later became king himself. It was during John’s reign that the Angevin Empire disintegrated (hence his nickname ‘Lackland’). Nevertheless, Richard contributed
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