An Egyptian archaeological mission has made a significant discovery at the Tell Quesna Necropolis in Menoufia governorate, unearthing a well-preserved funerary complex from the Late and Greco-Roman periods. This newly identified burial unit sheds light on the funerary customs and cultural interactions that characterized the central Nile Delta over two millennia ago. The most striking find within the complex was a collection of 560 faience ushabti figurines, highlighting the enduring ancient Egyptian belief in the afterlife.
The discovery, announced by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, provides rare evidence of burial practices and regional trade networks. The Tell Quesna Necropolis, first discovered in 1991, is recognized as one of the most important non-royal cemeteries in the Delta region.
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A collection of scarab amulets carved from semi-precious stones, discovered at the Tell Quesna Necropolis in Egypt. (Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities)
A Wealth of Protective Amulets and Ushabtis
The funerary unit features a central hall connected to several burial chambers via vaulted entrances. Within these chambers, archaeologists found human burials placed in the traditional Osirian position, though preserved to varying degrees. The most remarkable feature of the excavation was the recovery of 560 faience ushabti figurines from a single burial chamber. These small statues, crafted in various sizes, were intended to act as servants for the deceased in the afterlife. Several of the figurines bore inscriptions derived from the Book of the Dead, further emphasizing their role in navigating the underworld.
Alongside the ushabtis, the team uncovered a rich collection of protective amulets carved from semi-precious stones. These included finger amulets, the Tyet (Isis Knot), and the Wedjat or Eye of Horus, a powerful symbol of health and protection. According to the Supreme Council of Antiquities, these objects were deeply connected to concepts of protection, strength, and rebirth in ancient Egyptian religion.
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A collection of Tyet (Isis Knot) amulets and other protective charms carved from semi-precious stones found at the site. (Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities)
Evidence of Mediterranean Trade and Unusual Rituals
The excavations also yielded evidence of Egypt’s integration into broader Mediterranean trade networks during the Late Period and Greco-Roman era. Archaeologists found imported pottery from the Greek island of Rhodes, including an amphora handle stamped with the maker's name. This tangible proof of commercial exchange highlights Tell Quesna's role as a connected hub rather than an isolated settlement.
Furthermore, researchers documented several unusual funerary practices that are currently under scientific investigation. Notably, pottery plates were deliberately placed beneath the arms of an individual buried in the Osirian position, with another vessel positioned between the thighs. Some of these vessels contained residues believed to be linked to mummification or specific burial rites.
The discovery at Tell Quesna not only enriches our understanding of the Nile Delta's archaeological landscape but also offers a detailed glimpse into the religious and economic life of its ancient inhabitants. As research continues on the unusual burial placements and ceramic residues, further insights into the localized traditions of this significant non-royal cemetery are expected to emerge.
Top image: A massive collection of 560 faience ushabti figurines was discovered inside one of the burial chambers at Tell Quesna. Source: Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities
By Gary Manners
References
El-Aref, N. 2026. New discovery at Tel Quesna sheds light on ancient Egyptian burial traditions, Mediterranean trade. Ahram Online. Available at: https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/573318.aspx
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. 2026. An archaeological discovery at the Tell of the Monuments of Quisna sheds light on funerary practices and cultural and commercial interactions. Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Available at: https://mota.gov.eg/ar/
