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The pocket-sized Ice Age artwork with an eye-like sunburst resembles a simple drawing of a sun. Source: Andrew Thomson, Author provided

Tiny Ice Age Art from Indonesia Confirms Humanity’s Creative Drive

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By Michelle Langley , Adam Brumm , Adhi Oktaviana  & Basran Burhan /The Conversation

Archaeologists have unearthed two miniature stone engravings in Indonesia. These depict an anoa (dwarf buffalo) and a sun, star or eye dating back some 26,000 years – this Ice Age art is the first of their kind in our region.

While such tiny engravings have been known from similar periods (around 20,000 years ago) in Europe and Western Asia, never before have clearly identifiable art pieces – small enough to be carried from place to place – been found in the most ancient contexts of Southeast Asia or Australasia.

Our Australian-Indonesian team found these decorated artifacts in 2018 during excavations at the Sulawesi cave site of Leang Bulu Bettue. Later analysis in Brisbane revealed the artistic complexity of these miniature engravings.

Leang Bulu Bettue is located in the southwest corner of Sulawesi. Here, archaeologists continue to excavate and recover new evidence for ancient art. Adam Brumm

Leang Bulu Bettue is located in the southwest corner of Sulawesi. Here, archaeologists continue to excavate and recover new evidence for ancient art. Adam Brumm

A Tiny Anoa

At first, the anoa is hard to make out.

What appeared to be simple geometric design in the field came to life with directed lighting in the lab. Using a small torch to produce shadows and make the cuts jump out, a muzzle, nostril, eye, cheek and two straight horns appeared. The front part of the back and abdomen are shown using simple and deeply etched lines.

Sometime between 26,000 and 14,000 years ago, someone engraved the outline of an anoa on this palm-sized fragment of flowstone. M.C. Langley

Sometime between 26,000 and 14,000 years ago, someone engraved the outline of an anoa on this palm-sized fragment of flowstone. M.C. Langley

Dated between 26,000 and 14,000 years ago, this engraving is comparable to the majority of similarly aged stone engravings found in Eurasia. Indeed, the pose the anoa has been depicted in, with head turned back towards its rump, is a common artistic choice. The most famous example is the “licking bison” of La Madeleine in France: a carving in reindeer antler from between 21,000 and 14,000 years ago.

The anoa is endemic to Sulawesi and likely provided a source of meat, leather, horn and bone to its first peoples. It is prominent in the painted cave art of Sulawesi, appearing in images dated back over 44,000 years, so it isn’t surprising the anoa is the first engraved animal depiction found in this area.

Only the head and front part of the body of the anoa were depicted. The animal is shown with its head turned to the side, as in the photographed anoa shown here (Photo: Leipzig Zoo). M.C. Langley

Only the head and front part of the body of the anoa were depicted. The animal is shown with its head turned to the side, as in the photographed anoa shown here (Photo: Leipzig Zoo). M.C. Langley

Is it a Sun?

Also discovered was a carving of a sun-burst.

We do not know when people first started depicting the sun itself. The oldest image that almost certainly portrays the sun is the Nebra sky disk found in Germany and dated to 1600 BC.

The Nebra sky disk is thought to be the oldest depiction of the cosmos in the world. (DBachmann/CC BY SA 3.0)

The Nebra sky disk is thought to be the oldest depiction of the cosmos in the world. (DBachmann/CC BY SA 3.0)

Other examples include engraved stele found in what was the ancient Egyptian city of Amarna. Here, the Pharaoh Akhenaten (who ruled from 1353-1336 BC) built a whole city for the glory of Aten (sun).

Limestone stele depicting Pharaoh Akenaten with his wife, Nefertiti, and their three daughters. The rays of the sun are giving life to the royal family. (Egyptian Museum)

However, these examples are unlikely to be the first time people started illustrating the sun. We expect sun-burst images seen in ancient rock art to be older, though the difficulties of dating rock art prevent us from knowing for sure.

Rayed-motifs as found in Indonesia are widespread around the globe and can represent numerous objects including the sun, stars, flowers, starfish and eyes. Because the sun-burst from Leang Bulu Bettue is so far unique to its context and nothing else was included in this particular picture, we cannot be sure it is the sun.

However, the lines of the engraving are strong and clear, and such patterns found elsewhere represent something real, so we believe the artist has created an image of something from the natural world.

Most interestingly, the sun-burst was painted over with red pigment similar to that used to paint the walls of Leang Bulu Bettue. Only traces of this paint remain on the sun-burst, but it is enough to tell us it was applied to the lines only and not anywhere else on the carved stone. The contrast of a bright red sun-burst against the light grey of the stone must have made a striking visual impact.

Future finds may shed more light on this object and its importance and meanings within the Ice Age culture that created it.

Archaeologists Adam Brumm, Adhi Agus Oktaviana and Michelle C. Langley with the sun-like engraving. Andrew Thomson

Archaeologists Adam Brumm, Adhi Agus Oktaviana and Michelle C. Langley with the sun-like engraving. Andrew Thomson

Art makes us human

The ability to create recognizable depictions of objects from the natural world, known as figurative art, is unique to our species.

Sulawesi already claims the oldest figurative rock art in the world, with a minimum age of 44,000 years. But examples of portable images of life have been lacking not only from the deep archaeological record of Indonesia but the whole of Southeast Asia and Australasia. While these two examples are not the most ancient art found in the area, they fill a gap researchers have wondered about.

Mobile artworks are an effective way to emotionally connect people with their everyday tools, as well as people with people. This behavior is thought to have allowed Homo sapiens to outperform or outlast archaic hominin populations (such as Neanderthals) and colonize the entire planet.

These two small stone finds are the first pocket-sized art to be discovered in our backyard, but unlikely to be the last.

Top Image: The pocket-sized Ice Age artwork with an eye-like sunburst resembles a simple drawing of a sun. Source: Andrew Thomson, Author provided

The article, originally titled, First pocket-sized artworks from Ice Age Indonesia show humanity’s ancient drive to decorateby  Michelle Langley , Adam Brumm , Adhi Oktaviana  & Basran Burhan was originally published on The Conversation and has been republished under a Creative Commons license.

 
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