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34 million-year-old monkey teeth found in Peru indicate they crossed the Atlantic from Africa.            Source: edojob / Adobe Stock

Teeth Indicate Monkeys Sailed Across the Atlantic from Africa

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Keck School of Medicine of USC    

Four fossilized monkey teeth discovered deep in the Peruvian Amazon provide new evidence that more than one group of ancient primates journeyed across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa, according to new USC research just published in the journal Science.

The teeth are from a newly discovered species belonging to an extinct family of African primates known as parapithecids. Fossils discovered at the same site in Peru had earlier offered the first proof that South American monkeys evolved from African primates.

Paleontologists dry sediment collected from the Santa Rosa site where Ucayalipithecus was found, in Amazonian Perú. (Erik Seiffert)

Paleontologists dry sediment collected from the Santa Rosa site where Ucayalipithecus was found, in Amazonian Perú. (Erik Seiffert)

The monkeys are believed to have made the more than 900-mile trip on floating rafts of vegetation that broke off from coastlines, possibly during a storm.

"This is a completely unique discovery," said Erik Seiffert, the study's lead author and Professor of Clinical Integrative Anatomical Sciences at Keck School of Medicine of USC. "It shows that in addition to the New World monkeys and a group of rodents known as caviomorphs -- there is this third lineage of mammals that somehow made this very improbable transatlantic journey to get from Africa to South America."

Researchers have named the extinct monkey  Ucayalipithecus perdita. The name comes from Ucayali, the area of the Peruvian Amazon where the teeth were found, pithikos, the Greek word for monkey and perdita, the Latin word for lost.

Ucayalipithecus perdita would have been very small, similar in size to a modern-day marmoset.

The teeth belonged to an ancient simian of about the same size as a marmoset. (Mike Pennington / CC BY SA 2.0)

The teeth belonged to an ancient simian of about the same size as a marmoset. (Mike Pennington / CC BY SA 2.0)

Dating the migration

Researchers believe the site in Ucayali where the teeth were found is from a geological epoch known as the Oligocene, which extended from about 34 million to 23 million years ago.

Based on the age of the site and the closeness of Ucayalipithecus to its fossil relatives from Egypt, researchers estimate the migration might have occurred around 34 million years ago.

"We're suggesting that this group might have made it over to South America right around what we call the Eocene-Oligocene Boundary, a time period between two geological epochs, when the Antarctic ice sheet started to build up and the sea level fell," said Seiffert. "That might have played a role in making it a bit easier for these primates to actually get across the Atlantic Ocean."

Erik Seiffert identifying a small fossil from the Santa Rosa site where Ucayalipithecus was found, in Amazonian Perú. (Dorien de Vries)

Erik Seiffert identifying a small fossil from the Santa Rosa site where Ucayalipithecus was found, in Amazonian Perú. (Dorien de Vries)

An improbable discovery

Two of the Ucayalipithecus perdita teeth were identified by Argentinean co-authors of the study in 2015 showing that New World monkeys had African forebears. When Seiffert was asked to help describe these specimens in 2016, he noticed the similarity of the two broken upper molars to an extinct 32 million-year-old parapithecid monkey species from Egypt he had studied previously.

Tiny molar teeth of the parapithecid monkey Ucayalipithecus from the Oligocene of Peru. (Erik Seiffert)

Tiny molar teeth of the parapithecid monkey Ucayalipithecus from the Oligocene of Peru. (Erik Seiffert)

An expedition to the Peruvian fossil site in 2016 led to the discovery of two more teeth belonging to this new species. The resemblance of these additional lower teeth to those of the Egyptian monkey teeth confirmed to Seiffert that Ucayalipithecus was descended from African ancestors.

"The thing that strikes me about this study more than any other I've been involved in is just how improbable all of it is," said Seiffert. "The fact that it's this remote site in the middle of nowhere, that the chances of finding these pieces is extremely small, to the fact that we're revealing this very improbable journey that was made by these early monkeys, it's all quite remarkable."

Top image: 34 million-year-old monkey teeth found in Peru indicate they crossed the Atlantic from Africa.            Source: edojob / Adobe Stock

The article ‘Ancient teeth from Peru hint now-extinct monkeys crossed Atlantic from Africa’ was originally published on Science Daily.

Source: Keck School of Medicine of USC. "Ancient teeth from Peru hint now-extinct monkeys crossed Atlantic from Africa." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 9 April 2020. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/04/200409141528.htm

References

Erik R. Seiffert, Marcelo F. Tejedor, John G. Fleagle, Nelson M. Novo, Fanny M. Cornejo, Mariano Bond, Dorien De Vries, Kenneth E. Campbell Jr.  A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South AmericaScience, 2020 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba1135

 

Comments

So basically there is evidence that man sailed across the Atlantic 30 million years ago? They keep saying “improbable” but there is an elephant in the room they refuse to look at.

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