Based on interpretations of the Book of Revelations, the Commentary on the Apocalypses, written between 776 and 784 by visionary monk Beatus of Liébana, were a series of manuscripts that foretold the end of the world. Produced deep into the Islamic conquest of Spain in the 8th century, the apocalyptic themes were fervently reinforced by the contemporary destruction of Christianity in the Iberian Peninsula by warriors of Islam. From the 8th to the 13th centuries, numerous copies of the Beatus Apocalypses were produced all over Europe, with 27 of them surviving today, the oldest version being a fragment from the 9th century from the Abbey of Santo-Domingo de Silos, and the most recent from the 13th century known as the
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