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Scientists discover evidence of chromium production in ancient Persia, but historians at Sheffield in England defend the cities claim to having ‘invented’ the super-steel. To many younger readers “Chromium code” is a free and open-source software project from Google, similar to the widely known Chrome browser, that most competing browsers are also based on, including Microsoft. However, to older readers, and to those of a scientific disposition, “Chromium surfaces” are produced on other metals to strengthen them, through “chromizing,” but what nobody of any age would have ever have guessed is that chromium steel, perhaps for use in weapons, originated in 11th century Persia. Use of chromium oxide has been detected on the surface of excellently preserved weapons found at